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Treatise on the Durese Language

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Talus
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Treatise on the Durese Language, II Edition

By Prof. Vaasai Zhoks and Dr. Cad Trokseg

Foreword by Admiral Moog Jeiks 

 

Foreword

Being one of the first species to achieve spaceflight, the Durese language has become a common language along with Basic as the Duros journeyed farther into the universe. In the shipping and business sectors, knowledge of it is a most valuable asset. This treatise is meant as a guide, so to speak, for those interested in learning more about this ancient tongue, however it should be noted that this is merely a simplification. If one seeks a more complex and immersive dive into Durese, the holobooks Advanced Durese, LXXX Edition or Durese for Bantha-Brains are highly recommended alongside this treatise which explains in simplicity pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammatical structures. The writers, editors, and transcribers wish you great luck with this edition and hope that visions of starlines will fill your eyes.

Duraam taziks ceim kooll.

-Moog Jeiks sooktu zhogaa

 

Phonetics

-Consonants-

 

Labial

Alveolar

Postalveolar

Palatal

Velar

Uvular

Glottal

Stops

b, p

t, d

   

k, g

   

Fricatives

ɸ,v

s, z

    ʒ  

ʝ 

x  

h

Nasal Stops

m

    n

   

       

   

Trill

         

ʀ

 

Approximant

ʋ

l

         

Lateral Affricates

 

ts

         

Sibilant Affricates

 

         

-Vowels-

 

Front

Back

High

 

u

Near-Close

ɪ

 

Close-mid

e, ø

o

Open-Mid

ɛ

ʌ

Near-Open

æ

 

Low

a

 

Diphthongs: [aj]

-Phonotactics-

Coda: [k], [g], [n], [m], [s], [z], [t], [d], [a], [ʌ], [l], [æ], [u], [o], [ɛ], [e], [ø]

 

Pronunciation

Predominantly, many of the consonants in Durese are equivalent to their Basic counterparts, however there are some notable exceptions listed below as well as a transcription of vowel pronunciations.

-Vowels-

a [æ] - "a" as in English apple

aa [a] - "a" as in English father

ai [e] - “ai” as in English rain

e [ɛ] - "e" as in English end

ei [aj] - "ei" as in English time or German mein

i [ɪ] - "i" as in English tin 

o [o] - "o" as in English soda

oo [ø] - "ö" as in German Löwe

u [ʌ] - "u" as in English under

uu [u] - "u" as in English lute

-Consonants-

c [ts] - “ts” as in English pets 

ch [x] - "ch" as in German danach

f [ɸ] - wh as in Māori whakapapa

j [ʝ] - "g" as in Greek γεια 

ll [tɬ] - “ll” as in Icelandic fjall (pronounced like tluh)

zh [ʒ] - "j" as in French jour

r [ʀ] - "r" as in French rendez-vous

 

Verb Conjugation

 

-Class I Weak Verbs-

 

Stem

dur “to journey”

geillo “to cook”

Past

duroos

geilloos

Present

durog

geillog

Future

dureis

geilleis

Imperative

duraam

geillaam

Gerund

durud

geillud

 

-Class II Strong Verbs-

 

Stem

deltna “to speak”

Past

deltnas

Present

deltnag

Future

deltnais

Imperative

deltnaam

Gerund

deltnad

 

-Class III Strong Verbs-

 

Stem

juksu “to lie”

Past

juksus

Present

juksug

Future

juksis

Imperative

juksum

Gerund

juksud

Spoiler

-Present Tense-

kadog - “to be” from the stem kad and Present Tense ending og from the Preposition og “in.” Verb stems that end in vowels such as deltna and jukvu take the "g" ending but use their own vowel if it is not "o." In the Past and Future tense which have two vowels in the coda, the first is replaced by the stem vowel but the rest of the tense ending is perserved.

-Past Tense-

sodoos - “called” from the stem sod and the Past Tense ending oos from the Preposition oos “from.” 

-Future-

dureis - “will journey” from the stem dur and the Future tense ending eis. 

-Imperative-

deltnaam - “speak” from the stem deltna and the Imperitive ending aam

-Gerund-

stallud - "recommendation" from the stem stall and Gerund ending ud

Pronouns

In Durese, pronouns have four possible forms, three which indicate their role in a sentence, and another for possession. To be succinct, the Nominative is the subject, the Accusative is the direct object, and the Dative is the indirect object. 

 

1st Person Singular

1st Person

Plural

2nd Person Singular 

2nd Person Plural

3rd Person Singular 

3rd Person Plural

Nominative

vun

cem

lum

jull

vek

zhun

Accusative

vain

ceim

laim

jaill

veik

zhain

Dative

voon

caam

loom

jooll

vaak

zhoon

Genitive

vin

cim

lim

jill

vik

zhin

 

Nouns

 

Singular

Plural

Dual

Paucal

Nominative

-O

-a

-elt

-ache

Accusative

-ail

-o

-eilt

-oche

Dative

-ool

-ai

-aalt

-aiche

Genitive

-il

-uu

-ilt

-uuche

 

Example: Leivaks

 

Singular

Plural

Dual

Paucal

Nominative

Leivaks

Leivaksa

Leivakselt

Leivaksache

Accusative

Leivaksail

Leivakso

Leivakseilt

Leivaksoche

Dative

Leivaksool

Leivksai

Leivaksaalt

Leivaksaiche

Genitive

Leivaksil

Leivaksuu

Leivaksilt

Leivaksuuche

 

Conjugation of 'jos' (indefinite article)

Nominative

jos

Accusative

jais

Dative

juus

Genitive

jas

Misc.

-hul - noun to verb

-ceg - diminutive

-u - one who does

Adpositions

Unlike Galactic Basic, Durese has postpositions, meaning that the adposition follows the noun that they complement rather than in front of the noun. Additionally, nouns take the dative case endings if the postposition implies a static noun and takes the accusative case conjugations if the postposition implies a movement of the noun. 

Syntax

A few rules: Durese is an SVO (Subject, Verb, Object) language, when there are two verbs in a sentence the second verb appears at the end of the clause, and describers of any sort such as adjectives, adverbs, or prepositions follow the noun or verb that they describe. The sample sentences provided below should give direction on how these rules are to be utilized. 

 

NP -> NP AdjP

PP -> NP P

VP -> NP V AdvP NP V

 

Sample Sentences

These examples as follows. The top row is the sentence in the original Durese. Following that is a literal translation with bottom row being a more polished and exact Basic sentence. 

Jozhaam, vun Jal Mes kadog molguu jes Tolli Sierras zaatol vin kadog.

[ʝoʒam vʌn ʝæl mɛs kædog molgu ʝɛs toli sieras zatol vɪn kædog]

Greetings, I Jal Mes to be and demonstrative Tolli Sierras friend-gen my is 

Greetings, I am Jal Mes and this is my friend Tolli Sierras.

 

Zhona jes kadog Leivaksail sodoos.

[ʒona ʝɛs kædog lajvæksel sodøs]

Drink demonstrative to be Leivaks-acc called 

This drink is called Leivaks.

 

Vadnu jos aneik

[vædnʌ ʝos ænajk]

bantha a like

Like a bantha!

 

Kadaam truuno naazheiks juus stallud oos.

[kædam tʀuno naʒajks ʝus stætɬʌd øs]

To be here letter article recommendation of 

Here is a letter of recommendation.

 

Vun dureis taziks koollazil laim. 

[vʌn dʌʀajs tæzɪks køtɬæzɪl lajm]

I travel [future tense] with luck-gen your

I will travel with your luck.

 

Deltnaam duro stezhu

[dɛltnam dʌʀo stɛʒʌ]

Speak duro-wanderer 

Speak Duro (Formal Version)

 

Cim geillteinil baizais Hachoks aneik!

[tsɪm gajtɬtajnɪl bezes hæxoks anajk]

Our kitchen will smell like Hachoks! 

 

Lexicon

It should be noted that all verbs are presented in the present tense. 

aajon - (prep) through

aneik - (p) like

baizag - (v) to smell, to reek

beik - (v) to sell

beiku - (n) merchant

beiku zhogaa - (n) manager

bellag - (v) to brew

bellu - (n) brewer

beks - (n) space, void, spiritual plane

boozham - (n) engine

boozham zhusu - (n) engineer

cem - (pro) we

challai - (n) energy

challaiceg - (n) laser

chillug - (v) to detect

ceidaam - (ph) thank you

ceidog - (v) to thank

deltnag - (v) to speak

deigoks - (n) fine powder used in brewing Leivaks

dunu - (v) to sit

dunwen - (n) chair

durog - (v) to travel

fimei - (n) metal

geillog - (v) to cook

geillu (n) - chef

jab - (v) to annoy, to irritate

jabom - (n) mynock

jabud - (n) nuisance

jachas - (n) net

jecool - (n) popular, in demand

jes - (dem) this, that

jeime - (n) sword

jeime challai - (n) lightsaber

juksug - (v) to lie, to fib

jomni - (n) refresher

jos - (art) a

jozhag - (v) to greet 

Hachoks (n) - steak cooked using Suunbaz worm meat and seasoned with zhoguum seeds

hechu - (n) strut, beam, pillar, limb 

kadog - (v) to be

koollaz - (p) with

lahaaks - (n) life

leinsa - (v) to repair

leinsai - (n) mechanic

Leivaks - (n) popular Durese drink

lum - (pro) you

maamad - (n) leaf

meilu - (n) starship

meilom - (n) purgil

meizol - (n) insect monster

molguu - (conj) and

naazheiks - (n) letter, document

neidi - (n) brick, stone

neidiceg - (n) rubble

neicha - (v) to bring, to deliver

neichad - (n) cargo

oos - (p) of

seimllu - (n) star-lover

sooktu - (n) leader

sooktu trugu - (n) senator

sooktu zhogaa - (n) Admiral

stadaks - (n) member, piece

stai - (p) after

stezhu - (n) wanderer

stezhuhul - (n) to migrate, to make a pilgrimage

stom (v) - to worship

stompeks - (n) temple

stuk - (det) what

sodog - (v) to call, to name, to nominate, to select, to choose

suudwe - (n) root, beginning, prelude

suudweceg - (n) seed

suudwehul - (v) to prelude, to begin

sugwe - (n) cup

taziks - (n) luck

tein - (n) room

trood - (n) light

trugug - (v) to deliberate, to decide

trugud - (v) discussion, council, debate

truuno - (adv) here

raan - (n) thing

raabnell - (n) pot, kettle

vaas - (adj) low

vabna - (v) to bend, to distort, to alter

vabnai fimei - (n) welder

vadnu - (n) bantha

ven - (n) surface, plane

vumis - (p) for

vun - (pro) I

zaato - (n) friend

zeis - (n) moon

zeisail stai - (adv) soon (lit: "after moon," moon.acc after)

zema - (adv) never, (n) no, (det) not

zhaallum - (n) world, planet 

zhogaa - (adj) high

zhoguum - (n) plant native to Duro

zhona - (n) drink

zhus - (v) to calculate 

zhusud stezhud - (n) nav computer

zhuuvez (n) - air, atmosphere, sky

zud - (v) to teach

zudu zhogaa - (n) teacher

This topic was modified 2 years ago 9 times by Talus
This topic was modified 1 year ago by Talus
This topic was modified 9 months ago 2 times by Talus

New Jedi Order

 
Posted : 27/08/2022 4:45 am
(@rocketboy)
Posts: 464
Honorable Member Admin Followers of the Force, Faction Leader
91
 

Absolutely love this. I don't have much of a head for languages myself, but this is such an amazing work, and I love how it expands the boundaries of what Factions is and involves. Fantastic.

Leader of the New Jedi Order | SWFactions GM

 
Posted : 28/08/2022 6:45 pm
(@cyrusbuilds)
Posts: 299
Reputable Member Followers of the Force Faction Leader
36
 

"Durese for Bantha-Brains" is hilarious!

 
Posted : 07/09/2022 9:17 pm